The Joy of Doing Wrong
Paul Bloom on perversity, reactance, and autonomy
What you probably do not know yet
- Why humans occasionally choose a path that offers zero benefit or pleasure.
- The link between a toddler’s tantrum and a high-stakes artistic revolution.
- How the urge to break rules functions as a biological signal for autonomy.
What you will know after
Small, irrational rebellions are tools for asserting your will when the world tries to predict and control you. The same itch shows up in petty mischief, vaccine-mandate reactance, and art that breaks the market’s script.TL;DW
Pears for the pigs
St. Augustine once confessed to stealing pears from an orchard. He had no hunger to satisfy and no profit to gain. He threw the stolen fruit to the pigs immediately after the theft. This act was a pure expression of perversity: the strange, uniquely human drive to do something wrong simply because it is wrong. We often assume every mistake stems from a lapse in judgment or a hidden desire, yet some breaks in the rules exist only to prove we can. This impulse acts as a sudden, sharp assertion of the self. It signals unpredictability in a world of predictable patterns. When we act against our own interests, we are often just reclaiming our right to be unmanageable.
Ice cream and other petty strikes
This urge to break things for no reason shows up in the smallest corners of our lives. You might find yourself sticking a finger in a tub of ice cream just to feel the transgression, or flirting with a friend’s partner to test the boundaries of your own agency. These petty acts belong to the same psychological family as Augustine’s wasted pears. They are small, unmotivated strikes against the expected order. We perform these minor rebellions to remind ourselves that we are more than predictable biological machines following a script. Even when the act is useless or slightly annoying, it serves as a private signal that our will remains our own.
When the map gets too tight
The drive for autonomy scales up when external forces try to map our behavior too tightly. During the COVID pandemic, vaccine mandates triggered a wave of reactance, where people refused the shot specifically because the requirement felt like an imposition on their personal sovereignty. This behavior is a direct assertion of the self against perceived control. When a system becomes too predictable or too demanding, the human impulse is to move in the opposite direction to prove we are still unmanageable. We choose the less rational path to protect the territory of our own decision-making.
Shred the auction
In the high-stakes world of culture, this same perversity becomes a tool for radical reinvention. When Banksy’s “Girl with Balloon” self-shredded at the moment of its auction, the act of destruction functioned as a brilliant, perverse strike against the art market’s expectations. This calculated disruption fundamentally changed the work’s meaning and increased its value. By breaking the rules of how an object should behave in a transaction, Banksy used perversity to force a new reality into existence. The impulse to do the “wrong” thing can be a sophisticated way to rewrite the rules of the game.
Unmanageable, or aimed?
Your own small rebellions are part of this same loop. Every time you choose a path purely to prove you can, you are asserting a version of yourself that refuses to be mapped. This drive for autonomy is a vital part of being human, but it often leaves you reacting to the world instead of acting upon it. You become a creature of pure reactance, defined more by what you refuse than by what you actually want.
Look at your last act of defiance. Was it a genuine move toward a goal, or was it just a way to feel unmanageable in the face of a rule?
What question can break the autonomy-perversity cycle?
Chapter Guide
| Time | Chapter |
|---|---|
| 23:50 | Perverse actions Why humans break rules |
| 27:28 | Augustine’s pears Hopeful monster theory |
| 31:28 | Everyday perversity The perversity project |
| 38:26 | Reactance Vaccine mandates and control |
| 43:10 | Fountain Duchamp challenges art |
| 43:57 | Shredding Banksy at auction |


